Ultrassonografia de alta frequência e Doppler no diagnóstico, caracterização e seguimento dos tumores cutâneos / High-frequency ultrasonography and Doppler in the diagnosis, characterization and follow-up of skin tumors

A ultrassonografia (US) é uma ferramenta diagnóstica amplamente utilizada na medicina há mais de 50 anos. Na dermatologia, o uso desta técnica vem crescendo, principalmente após o desenvolvimento de dispositivos de maior frequência (acima de 20 MHz), que possibilitaram a avaliação mais detalhada da pele e seus anexos. Apesar da ampla gama de informações que podem ser obtidas através deste exame e da necessidade de métodos não invasivos que auxiliem no diagnóstico, planejamento terapêutico e seguimento dos tumores cutâneos, a falta de uniformidade nos critérios avaliados e parâmetros ultrassonográficos ainda dificulta o uso rotineiro desta técnica de imagem na oncologia cutânea. Objetivos: Descrever as características ultrassonográficas dos tumores cutâneos no modo B e Doppler; comparar com técnicas já estabelecidas, dermatoscopia e histologia; e avaliar características morfológicas no modo B e da vascularização ao Doppler que possam diferenciar nevos e melanomas. Material e métodos: Análise prospectiva de lesões suspeitas de câncer de pele de pacientes provenientes do A.C.Camargo Cancer Center. As lesões foram submetidas à, dermatoscopia, ultrassonografia de alta frequência (USAF) e Doppler para posterior correlação com parâmetros anatomopatológicos. Resultados: Foram incluídas 289 lesões, sendo 105 carcinomas basocelulares (CBC), 35 carcinomas espinocelulares (CEC), 24 melanomas, 2 carcinomas de células de Merkel, 15 tumores malignos mais raros e metástases cutâneas de outros tumores e 108 lesões benignas. Todas as lesões malignas foram visualizadas à US com 24 MHz. As principais características ultrassonográficas dos tumores malignos foram: hipoecogenicidade (98.9%) e ecotextura homogênea (90.6%). A presença de vascularização foi mais frequente nas lesões malignas e este foi o parâmetro mais relevante para diferenciação entre malignas e benignas. Conclusão: A USAF demonstrou ser uma ferramenta bastante útil na avaliação dos tumores cutâneos, apoiando no diagnóstico, estadiamento, avaliação de resposta e seguimento. O diagnóstico diferencial entre os principais tumores cutâneos ainda não é possível utilizandose somente a USAF, sendo, portanto, a correlação com dermatoscopia e histopatologia fundamental para o diagnóstico definitivo. Não foram observadas características ultrassonográficas capazes de diferenciar com segurança nevos de melanomas em nossa amostra.

Ultrasound (US) is a diagnostic tool that has been widely used in medicine for over 50 years. In dermatology, the use of this technology is increasing, mainly after the development of higher frequency devices (above 20 MHz), which allow a more detailed assessment of the skin and its annexes. Despite the wide range of information that can be obtained through this exam and the need for non-invasive methods that help in the diagnosis, therapeutic planning and follow-up of skin tumors, the lack of uniformity in the assessment criteria and ultrasound parameters still hinders the routine use of this imaging technique in cutaneous oncology. Objectives: To describe the sonographic characteristics of cutaneous tumors in B-mode and Doppler and to compare them with dermoscopy and histology; and to evaluate morphological characteristics in B-mode and Doppler ultrasound that allow differentiating nevi and melanomas. Material and methods: Prospective analysis of patients with skin lesions suspicious for cancer from the A.C.Camargo Cancer Center. The lesions were assessed by dermoscopy, high-frequency ultrasound (24 MHz) and Doppler and then correlated with histology. Results: 289 lesions were included, of which 105 were basal cell carcinomas, 35 squamous cell carcinomas, 24 melanomas, 2 Merkel cell carcinomas, 15 less common malignant tumors and cutaneous metastases from other tumors and 108 benign lesions. All malignant lesions were visualized at 24 MHZ ultrasonography. The main sonographic characteristics of malignant tumors were: hypoechogenicity (98.9%) and homogeneous echotexture (90.6%) Vascularization was more frequent in malignant lesions and this was the most relevant parameter for differentiating malignant and benign lesions. Conclusion: High-frequency ultrasound proved to be a very useful tool in the assessment of skin tumors, supporting diagnosis, staging, assessment of therapeutic response and follow-up. It's still not possible differentiate the main skin tumors based only on sonographic criteria, therefore, the correlation with dermoscopy and histology is necessary for the definitive diagnosis. No sonographic features that could reliably differentiate nevi and melanomas were found in our sample

Diphencyprone as a therapeutic option in cutaneous metastasis of melanoma. A single-institution experience.

Diphencyprone has been reported as a local immunotherapy for cutaneous melanoma metastases. We aim to report cases of melanoma patients treated with diphencyprone in a single Brazilian institution and highlight their outcomes. Since 2012, we have treated 16 melanoma patients with cutaneous metastases with topical diphencyprone. To date, we have had 37.5% of complete response, 25% of partial responses, and 31.25% patients without any response. Treatment was well tolerated and local toxicity was easily controlled. We believe topical diphencyprone is a feasible treatment that can be another option for treating melanoma patients, especially in cases of in-transit or extensive disease.

Diphencyprone as a therapeutic option in cutaneous metastasis of melanoma. A single-institution experience

Abstract: Diphencyprone has been reported as a local immunotherapy for cutaneous melanoma metastases. We aim to report cases of melanoma patients treated with diphencyprone in a single Brazilian institution and highlight their outcomes. Since 2012, we have treated 16 melanoma patients with cutaneous metastases with topical diphencyprone. To date, we have had 37.5% of complete response, 25% of partial responses, and 31.25% patients without any response. Treatment was well tolerated and local toxicity was easily controlled. We believe topical diphencyprone is a feasible treatment that can be another option for treating melanoma patients, especially in cases of in-transit or extensive disease.

Vemurafenib and cutaneous adverse events--report of five cases.

Vemurafenib is a selective inhibitor of V600E-mutant BRAF protein used to treat metastatic and unresectable melanoma. Clinical trials have shown increased overall survival and progression-free survival in patients treated with Vemurafenib. However, cutaneous adverse events are common during treatment. We report fi ve cases of metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E positivity, treated with Vemurafenib and its cutaneous adverse events. Dermatologists and oncologists need to be aware of possible skin changes caused by this medication, which is increasingly employed in melanoma treatment. Monitoring of patients during therapy is important for early treatment of adverse cutaneous cutaneous adverse events, improvement in quality of life and adherence to treatment.

Vemurafenib and cutaneous adverse events - report of five cases

Vemurafenib is a selective inhibitor of V600E-mutant BRAF protein used to treat metastatic and unresectable melanoma. Clinical trials have shown increased overall survival and progression-free survival in patients treated with Vemurafenib. However, cutaneous adverse events are common during treatment. We report fi ve cases of metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E positivity, treated with Vemurafenib and its cutaneous adverse events. Dermatologists and oncologists need to be aware of possible skin changes caused by this medication, which is increasingly employed in melanoma treatment. Monitoring of patients during therapy is important for early treatment of adverse cutaneous cutaneous adverse events, improvement in quality of life and adherence to treatment.